Gas-burner



E. B. DENNY.

GAS BURNER.

(No Model.)

Patented July 11 N. PUERS. MLKMIFAPMP, Wahlnflon. D. Q

v UNITED STATES EDWARD B. DENNY, or

PATENT OFFICE.

NEWARK, NEW JERSEY.

GAS-BURNER;

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent 1\To.,260,'74=6, dated July 11, 1882.

Application filed November 4, 1881. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern Be it known that "I, EDWARD B. DENNY,a citizen of the United States,residin g in the city of Newark, county of- Essex, and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Gas-Burners, fully described and represented in the following specification and the accompanying drawings, part of the same.-

My invention relates to an improvement in gas-burners, and is fully set forth in the annexed description and drawings. It is especially adapted to burning the mixture of atmospheric air and gasoline vapor known as airgas or.gasoline-jgas; and the object of the invention is primarily to subdivide the flame into a number of small jets in the closest pos-' sible proximityto one another, and by thus securing a greater contact of such flame with V the surrounding air to obtain a more perfect and complete combustion of the gas conjointly with a high degree of light and heat in the flame. The close proximity of the jets pro-- duces a much more concentrated and brilliant light than thesame number burning at'a distance from one another; and I have discovered that to produce the desired separation the jets of gas must diverge from one another as they emerge from the outlets of the b urner, and that to secure such divergence the channel leading.

to each orifice must'be at least eight times as long as the bore of the outlet. The construction I have devised to edect this object is shown in the annexed drawings, in which- Figure l is a side view, and Fig. 2 an ed ge view, of one form of my invention designed to produce a flat flame. Fig. 3 is a plan of the same; Fig. 4, a plan of a burner adapted to produce two flat flames intersecting one another at right angles. Fig. 5 is avertical section of either Figs. 3 or 4 on aline through the center of the outlets. Fig. 6 is a perspective view, and Fig. 7 a plan, of a burner adapted to produce a circular flame, and Fig. 8a diagram illustrating the spacing of the outlets.

I am aware that burners are already known with separate jets carried at -the ends of separate tubes or branches; but my-burner con- "sists of a single head containing the outletchannels and a neck containing a feeding-chanforming a nel and provided with the usual screw-thread for convenient attachment.

A is the head; 13, the neckya, the feeding-v channel; b b b, the outlets, and c c c the chan nels leading from a to I). .The channels 0 c c all radiate from a central point, as d, to their respective outlets b b b, and the feeding-channel a is therefore made large enough to afford a separate entrance into it for each of the channels c c. In the circular burner with coneshaped head shown in Fig.6 the channelsc would all be exactly of one length, andthegas would be discharged equally fromv all the outlets. In the flat burner shownin Figs. 1, 2, 3,

and 5 the outlets are unavoidably of difl'erent lengths, and to prevent the shorter central ones from blowing when the gas is supplied freely I form their channels 0 c of larger bore than those at each side, and thus secure a perfect jet from each outlet under the same pressure. This results from the lower velocity of the gasescaping from the central jets and the bores capacityto feed a longer jet.

I am fully aware that many burners have been made containing a series of outlets connected with a single feeding-channel; but in allsuch burners there is ho eflicient means provided to make the jets diverge from one another outside the outlets, and the separate jets therefore mingle together in one or several flame s,-and for lack of perfect combustion produce a defective light and a disagreeable odor when used with an air-gas like that from gaso line. Such burners have therefore usually required a shade or chimney to secure with such gas even an imperfect combustion, while the burner described herein requires no chimney to burn such gas, but produces in the open air a flame of great whiteness and heat in comparison with that of other burners employing chimneys, and produces no odor or other evidence of imperfect combustion.

It is obvious that the separate jets are more and made to burn separatelyiby the diverging channels herein described, it is plain that the essential feature of my invention is the combination of such diverging channels with a single head, whereby the division of the flames and concentration of the light are conjointly secured.

Such channels as I have described are readily distinguished from a seriesof holes formed in the side of a tube, as in Argand and annular burners; or in a curved plate, as in certain segment-shaped burners, for none of these constructions produce a series of diverging jets in close proximity to one another; but their flames are united together in just the manner to lose the perfect aeration secured by my construction.

My burner is also readily distinguishable from any collection of separated jets screwed or secured to a common base and supplied by acommon feeding-channel in such base, as all such collections of jets produce a much more difl'used light than that attainable by my de-v vice, wherein the jets are brought into close proximity without flowing together, and thus produce the most concentrated light.

Vith the burners heretofore devised for burning gasoline-gas it has been very diflieult to use any reflectors,as such burners and reflectors are usually situated under ceilings or in places difficult to reach for lighting and regulating. My burner requires no regulating under varying pressures, as the flame is so fully exposed to the air, and as the flame flares, as shown in Fig. 1, it is peculiarly adapted to use where the light must flash from one burner to another, as in reflectors. For both of the reasons last stated a reflector may be applied with the utmost ease and advantage.

In the flat-toppedburnershownin Fig.1it will be observed that the space marked 1 between the middle two outlets is smaller than that separating the nezrt pair, as 2, which is in turn smaller than the next space at 3. This construction is desirable from the increasingangle at which the channels 0 c intersect the top of the burner from the middle outward. This will be understood from the diagram in Fig. 8, where drepresents the center of the diverging channels, a the top line of the headA in Fig. 1, and C an arc of a circle drawn from d as a center and passing through each end of line 0.

Linesf, drawn from equal divisions in the are 0, intersect the line 0 into divisions gradually increasing from the center outward, and it is therefore necessary to arrange the holes I) b similarly to bring the several jets at equal distances apart.

The head A might of course be formed with an arched top like the curve 0 and the outlets be spaced at equal distances apart; but in such case, as in that of the annular burner shown in Fig. 6, the several parts of the adjacentjets would all be at the same distance from their respective outlets and moving at the same velocity, and therefore more likely to mingle into one combined flame than thejets emerging from the head shaped as in Figs. 1 and 5. The straight-topped burner, constructed to form a flat flame, is therefore the best adapted to carry out my invention, the several jets moving at different velocities at their adjacent sides, and thereby being better adapted to maintain the flames distinct from one another in close proximity. The burner shown in the said figures is also preferable to any of the other forms illustrated, not only as securing the most perfect aeration of the jets, but as casting the smallest shadow in any direction around the burner, and as being the smallest in bulk for the size of flame produced.

It is found in practice that if the jet-outlets are made large enough to give a good light with an eight-candle-power gas it will give the same light with a forty-candle gas when burning only a proportionate amount of the latter. It is also found that it will burn equally well with the high pressure required for poor gas and the low pressure required for rich gas, both of which are produced from a charge of gasoline in most gas-machines at the later and earlier stages of its vaporization. Itis obvious therefore that my burner requires no regulator attached to its cock, and that in both the cases just cited the perfect combustion secured is produced by dividing the flame and exposing it to the surrounding air and to the heat of the adjacent flame simultaneously.

From the above description it is obvious that in my flat-topped straight-flamed burner (shown in Fig. 1) I secure an economy in space at the base of the flame as compared with its size at the top, resulting in scarcely any shadow from the burner as contrasted with others for burning gasoline-gas, and that this result is secured by so directing the jet beforeit leaves the outlets that its gas shall be consumed before its natural vertical inclination brings it into contact with its neighbor.

Although I have only shown the burners illustrated as if constructed of one solid piece of metal, I do not limit myself to such construction, as the same results can be secured by the use of a lava tip, properly drilled or formed with diverging channels, and secured in the head of the burner in any convenient manner. The burner may also be made of any other combination of materials, provided the diverging channels, which are the cardinal feature of my invention, are suitably disposed.

It is obvious that the row of outlets in the fiat burner may be arranged in a zigzag line, as well as the straight row shown in the drawings. The result would be nearly the same in such case, and the light of the several jets would tend to obliterate the shadow of the burner still more effectually.

I therefore claim my invention in the following manner:

1. The combination, in a gas-burner having the single flat head A, of a row of outlets, I),

supplied by diverging channels 0, the whole In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my 10 operating as and. for the purpose set forth. hand in the presence of two subscribing wit- 2. The combination, in a gas-burner, of the nesses.

neck 13, containing a feeding-channel, and the s 5 head A, consisting of a flat plate formed with EDWARD B. DENNY.

flat top containing the row of outlets b, and. prog" vided with diverging channels 0, connecting Witnesses:

the outlets with the feeding-channel, snbstan- GEORGE H. DENNY, tially asand for the purpose described. THOS. S. CRANE. 

